STANDARDISASI PARAMETER NON SPESIFIK DAN PROFIL KLT METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEGARANG (Mentha piperita L.)
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Mentha piperita L., yang secara lokal dikenal sebagai daun gegarang, merupakan tanaman herbal dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder berlimpah dan potensi farmakologis tinggi. Namun, data standardisasi parameter non-spesifik serta profil kimia ekstrak etanolnya masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan parameter standardisasi non-spesifik simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun gegarang, serta memetakan profil metabolit sekundernya melalui Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Sampel diperoleh dari Desa Pondok Baru, Kabupaten Bener Meriah, Aceh, kemudian diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Evaluasi parameter non-spesifik meliputi kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, serta kadar sari larut etanol dan air. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, dan tanin, sedangkan analisis KLT menggunakan silika gel GF 254 dengan sistem eluen yang dioptimasi per golongan metabolit. Rendemen ekstrak kental yang diperoleh sebesar 10,49%. Seluruh parameter non-spesifik memenuhi standar Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II: kadar air 10,69%, kadar abu total 10,32%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,16%, kadar sari larut etanol 8,84%, dan kadar sari larut air 24,60%. Skrining fitokimia mengonfirmasi keberadaan flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, saponin, dan tanin. Profil KLT berhasil memisahkan komponen tiap golongan senyawa dengan nilai Rf yang khas, sehingga dapat dijadikan sidik jari kromatografi untuk pengendalian mutu ekstrak daun gegarang.
Kata Kunci : Mentha piperita L., standardisasi, parameter non-spesifik, KLT, metabolit sekunder
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52161/jiphar.v13i2.972
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